Senin, 30 Januari 2012

The toughest place to be a binman

30 January 2012 Last updated at 00:50 GMT By Eamonn Walsh BBC News A London binman works the streets of the Indonesian capital

Jakarta and the surrounding metropolitan areas are home to 28 million people, and the Indonesian city is struggling to cope with all the rubbish it generates. What's it like for the binmen?

Each day soon after sunrise, Imam Syaffi sets off with his hand-pulled cart to collect the rubbish from some of the more desirable residences in Jakarta.

With his cheery cry of "Sampa!" (rubbish), he lets the residents in their gated homes know that he has arrived.

The spacious houses and leafy streets of Guntur, close to the financial district are a stark contrast to the cramped conditions elsewhere in Jakarta where many millions live in poverty.

In Guntur, the homes have walled courtyards or even gardens with palm trees or manicured shrubs and hedges.

If you want your rubbish collected in Jakarta, you have to pay for it. Only the well-off like those in Guntur can afford a binman.

While a few of Imam's wealthier customers bag up their rubbish, most just dump it in a hole in the garden wall. Imam clears it with his pitchfork and brush. He has to leave it clean for fear of complaints.

Almost no-one separates the recycling. Household waste, food, plastic and garden cuttings all end up in the mix and clearing it is back-breaking work in the sweltering heat.

Open drains

Imam's cart is the size of a large bath but three times as high - and it soon fills up. He has to trample it down to fit in as much as possible.

"Imam works double hard," says London dustman Wilbur Ramirez, gasping in admiration, sweat pouring from his brow.

It is Wilbur's first of 10 days, experiencing the life of a Jakartan rubbish collector. He has left his hi-tech, air-conditioned dustcart and team of fellow binmen 7,000 miles away to join Imam pounding the streets.

"It's been a bloody hard day and I don't even think I did a full day, I did two out of his three rounds and I was dying."

Continue reading the main story The city of Jakarta has grown in the last 20 years to form a continuous metropolitan area with the neighbouring areas of Bogor, Tangerang, Depok and Bekasi, known as BotadebekThe total population of this area known as Metropolitan Jakarta is 28 million, making it one of the biggest metropolitan areas in the world, rivalling Mexico City and Tokyo Most of Jakarta's waste ends up at the giant landfill site, Bantar Gebang. Each day it handles enough rubbish to fill 10 Olympic-size swimming pools. Methane from the waster is used to generate 10 megawatts of power for the national electricity supplyMost days, Imam fills the hand-cart three times, wheeling it back each time to empty it at the open tip next to the row of shacks where many of the binmen live.

Imam collects rubbish from nearly 100 homes, paid for by the local residents' association. For a six day week he earns 200,000 Indonesian rupiah ($22).

"This job is a lot more physically demanding than I had expected," says Wilbur. "This cart weighs a ton and it's usually a one-man game. Today it's me and him and I'm sweating like a pig."

It is not just rubbish that Imam deals with. The open drains outside his customer's homes often get blocked, leaving sewage and debris to build up. The only way for him to keep the drain clear is to get down into the flow and rake out the blockages.

"The man's in here in bare feet," says Wilbur, horrified. "There's glass, there's everything in there. This man's feet must be like rhino skin."

Scavenging

A job as a paid binman is valued because of the regular salary it brings and there are only 3,000 of them in the entire city.

Imam fears just one complaint could earn him the sack. "If it's not done, they phone the residents' association. There are lots of other people who need a job," he says.

Wilbur Ramirez at Bantar Gebang dump The giant Bantar Gebang landfill site handles Jakarta's waste

"I'm afraid of what would happen if I got fired. What would my wife and child eat?"

After finishing his round, Imam still has hours more work ahead of him. The money he receives from the rubbish collection barely pays the rent on his small home so Imam and his family start their second job - recycling.

From the waste collected during the day, they pick out anything of value and sort it into separate piles which they bag up and sell. They work into the night sorting the rubbish.

Three nights of sorting makes the family 28,000 rupiah, about $3. For Imam and his family this money is the difference between eating and not eating.

Imam is far better off than some. At Jakarta's giant landfill site, Bantar Gebang, several thousand people make a living just from scavenging.

The bulk of Jakarta's waste, about 6,000 tons a day, ends up at this giant tip including the waste from Imam's round.

Rubbish pile Jakarta produces enough rubbish daily to fill 10 Olympic-size swimming pools

But much of the city's rubbish - almost 20% - is simply dumped in the rivers which cross the city. The city's sanitation department pulls rubbish out of the waterways but it cannot keep up.

Imam is resigned to his life as a binman. "Even though this is hard, I have to do it, because I don't have any other skills. I would do any job for my family."

But he and his wife Windi are hopeful of a better future, especially for their young son.

"We don't have much money, but I'm still happy because my husband works hard to take care of me and my son," says Windi.

"Although he works with rubbish, he deserves to be treated with respect. He may be a bin man but he is still a human being."

Toughest Place to be a Binman is on BBC Two at 21:00 GMT on Sunday 29 January or watch online via iPlayer (UK only) at the above link.


Ryanair reports 14.9m euro profit

30 January 2012 Last updated at 07:37 GMT Ryanair plane The carrier lifted its full-year profit guidance Ryanair has reported a net profit of 14.9m euros ($19.6m; £12.5m) in the last three months of 2011, thanks to higher fares and better weather than the same period a year earlier.

It compares with a loss of 10.3m euros in the final quarter of 2010, when there were cancellations due to snow.

The budget airline said average fares rose 17% due to reduced seat capacity and higher fuel surcharges.

Revenues rose 13% to 844m euros, despite a 2% fall in passenger numbers.

The airline carried 16.7 million passengers in the quarter, down from 17 million a year ago.

In contrast, rival Easyjet announced last week an 8.1% increase in passengers in the last three months of 2011.

Guidance raised

Ryanair said it had faced higher fuel costs, which had risen 18% on the year.

It expects its fuel bill for the next financial year to rise by about 350m euros, leading to speculation that fares will continue to rise.

The company said that its quarterly profit was "slightly ahead of guidance".

It now expects its full-year profit to exceed previous guidance of 440m euros and rise to 480m euros.


VIDEO: Occupy protesters arrested in US

29 January 2012 Last updated at 10:28 GMT Help

Falkirk 1-3 Celtic

By Andy Campbell
BBC Sport Scotland Celtic players celebrating Stokes (centre) is contratulated by his team-mates after scoring Celtic's second Celtic will face Kilmarnock in the Scottish Communities League Cup final after overcoming Falkirk at Hampden.

Scott Brown's penalty gave Celtic a 27th-minute advantage.

But Jay Fulton, son of former Celtic and Falkirk midfielder Steve, levelled five minutes before half-time with a composed finish.

Anthony Stokes restored Celtic's lead with an excellent free-kick on 56 minutes and the striker got his second with a tap-in late on.

Interview - Celtic manager Neil Lennon

With the Bairns having knocked Rangers and Dundee United out of the competition in an earlier round, the First Division side were hoping to claim a third Scottish Premier League scalp, while Celtic were looking to continue their push for the domestic treble.

Falkirk's top goalscorer Farid El Alagui was unable to test Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forster with a first-time shot that flew wide early on.

Celtic began to assert themselves and Brown's well-struck shot was touched onto the post by Michael McGovern.

Gary Hooper converted the rebound only to have his celebrations cut short by the offside flag but television replays suggested the goal should have stood.

The frame of the Falkirk goal was struck again when Thomas Rogne's downward header from James Forrest's corner bounced up onto the bar.

Rogne's presence at a corner was the catalyst for the opening goal as Darren Dods was penalised for grappling with the Celtic defender in the box.

Farid El Alagui and Victor Wanyama El Alagui (left) was unable to maintain his record of scoring in every round

Brown confidently stroked the spot-kick to McGovern's left as the keeper dived in the other direction.

El Alagui's shot into the arms of Forster lacked power as Falkirk tried to respond quickly.

A slack pass from Victor Wanyama allowed the Bairns to mount the attack that would give them their equaliser.

David Weatherston retrieved, pushed down the left and cut the ball inside for Kallum Higginbotham.

Higginbotham had the awareness to spot Fulton's advancing run on the right-hand side of the penalty area and the inch-perfect pass was coolly converted by the 17-year-old.

Rogne was unable to connect with a teasing Brown free-kick and Forrest was denied by McGovern in the closing stages of the first half.

Steven Pressley marched onto the pitch just after the half-time whistle to remonstrate with referee Euan Norris and, as a result, the Falkirk manager watched the second half from the stand.

Interview - Falkirk manager Steven Pressley

Fulton scooped the ball over after meeting Higginbotham's high, hanging cross shortly after play resumed.

Rogne was frustrated by the crossbar again with a deflected shot from Charlie Mulgrew's corner and, in the melee that followed, Stokes claimed unsuccessfully for a handball against Murray Wallace before the ball was cleared.

However, Celtic quickly won a free-kick and Stokes superbly curled the ball home to register a goal against his former club.

Fulton's replacement Blair Alston fired wide from the edge of the box before Forster made a double save to deny Dods and Stewart Murdoch as Falkirk continued to threaten.

At the other end, Joe Ledley's effort was deflected wide by Kieran Duffie and McGovern held a curving Mulgrew free-kick.

But Celtic did get a third goal on 86 minutes when Hooper burst towards the bye-line and cut back for Stokes to apply a simple finish.

Neil Lennon's side will return to the national stadium to face Killie on 18 March, the latter having beaten Ayr United in Saturday's first semi-final.

Sunday, 29 January 2012

Scottish League Cup

Brown (pen) 27Stokes 56Stokes 86Final Result Full Time 90:00+4:34 The referee blows for the end of the match. 90:00+4:00 Charlie Mulgrew concedes a free kick for a foul on Mark Millar. Direct free kick taken by Mark Millar. 90:00+2:31 Substitution Craig Sibbald replaces Kallum Higginbotham. 90:00+0:41 Farid El Alagui gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Charlie Mulgrew. Scott Brown takes the direct free kick. 89:46 Outswinging corner taken right-footed by Mark Millar from the right by-line. 88:48 Effort on goal by Kris Commons from just inside the penalty box goes harmlessly over the target. 86:40 Substitution Anthony Stokes goes off and Kris Commons comes on. 86:10 Substitution Jordan White on for David Weatherston. 85:21 Assist by Gary Hooper. 85:21 GOAL - Anthony Stokes:Falkirk 1 - 3 Celtic A goal is scored by Anthony Stokes from inside the six-yard box low into the middle of the goal. Falkirk 1-3 Celtic. 85:12 Centre by Gary Hooper, 82:03 Blair Alston gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on James Forrest. Charlie Mulgrew shoots direct from the free kick, save by Michael McGovern. 79:20 Sung-Yeung Ki takes the inswinging corner, Thomas Scobbie makes a clearance. 78:15 Drilled left-footed shot by Stewart Murdoch. Save by Fraser Forster. 77:58 Darren Dods has a drilled shot. Fraser Forster makes a fantastic save. 77:29 Corner taken by Mark Millar. 76:08 Free kick awarded for a foul by Victor Wanyama on Kallum Higginbotham. Mark Millar crosses the ball from the free kick right-footed from right wing, clearance made by Charlie Mulgrew. 70:45 Effort on goal by Gary Hooper from 18 yards. Blocked by Murray Wallace. 70:26 The ball is swung over by Charlie Mulgrew, clearance by Murray Wallace. 69:01 Outswinging corner taken right-footed by Mark Millar from the right by-line, Charlie Mulgrew makes a clearance. 67:32 Substitution (Celtic) makes a substitution, with Adam Matthews coming on for Du-Ri Cha. 66:42 Kallum Higginbotham crosses the ball, clearance made by Scott Brown. 65:15 Effort from inside the area by Blair Alston misses to the left of the target. 63:38 Sung-Yeung Ki takes the inswinging corner, Murray Wallace makes a clearance. 63:00 Foul by David Weatherston on Du-Ri Cha, free kick awarded. Charlie Mulgrew delivers the ball from the free kick left-footed from right wing, clearance made by Darren Dods. 60:51 Substitution (Falkirk) makes a substitution, with Blair Alston coming on for Jay Fulton. 59:04 Sung-Yeung Ki takes a shot from 30 yards. Michael McGovern makes a comfortable save. 58:02 Joe Ledley concedes a free kick for a foul on Jay Fulton. Mark Millar takes the free kick. 56:51 Free kick taken by Scott Brown. 56:51 Booking Mark Millar goes into the book for unsporting behaviour. 56:37 Mark Millar concedes a free kick for a foul on Sung-Yeung Ki. 55:23 The assist for the goal came from Victor Wanyama. 55:23 GOAL - Anthony Stokes:Falkirk 1 - 2 Celtic Free kick scored by Anthony Stokes from outside the box to the bottom left corner of the goal. Falkirk 1-2 Celtic. 55:02 Free kick awarded for an unfair challenge on Victor Wanyama by Farid El Alagui. 53:41 Corner taken left-footed by Charlie Mulgrew, Thomas Rogne has an effort at goal. 50:22 Kallum Higginbotham sends in a cross, Close range effort by Jay Fulton clears the crossbar. 49:46 Joe Ledley challenges Jay Fulton unfairly and gives away a free kick. Michael McGovern takes the direct free kick. 48:18 Foul by Scott Brown on Stewart Murdoch, free kick awarded. Murray Wallace restarts play with the free kick. 46:22 Unfair challenge on Victor Wanyama by Mark Millar results in a free kick. Direct free kick taken by Charlie Mulgrew. 45:01 The referee starts the second half. 45:01 Substitution (Celtic) makes a substitution, with Sung-Yeung Ki coming on for Emilio Izaguirre. Half Time 45:00+1:05 The referee calls an end to the first half. 44:59 James Forrest takes a shot. Save made by Michael McGovern. 43:58 Centre by Kallum Higginbotham, Scott Brown makes a clearance. 42:46 Free kick awarded for a foul by Stewart Murdoch on Victor Wanyama. The ball is crossed by Scott Brown, Close range header by Thomas Rogne misses to the right of the target. 40:50 The referee blows for offside. Indirect free kick taken by Fraser Forster. 39:10 Assist on the goal came from Kallum Higginbotham. 39:10 GOAL - Jay Fulton:Falkirk 1 - 1 Celtic Jay Fulton gets on the score sheet with a goal from inside the box low into the middle of the goal. Falkirk 1-1 Celtic. 38:35 Anthony Stokes has a drilled shot. Darren Dods gets a block in. 35:57 Farid El Alagui challenges Thomas Rogne unfairly and gives away a free kick. Scott Brown takes the direct free kick. 34:57 Anthony Stokes is flagged offside by the assistant referee. Michael McGovern takes the indirect free kick. 33:33 James Forrest sends in a cross, clearance by Darren Dods. 33:05 Corner from left by-line taken by James Forrest. 28:34 Emilio Izaguirre concedes a free kick for a foul on Farid El Alagui. Mark Millar takes the free kick. 27:10 Farid El Alagui takes a shot. Save by Fraser Forster. 26:10 The assist for the goal came from Thomas Rogne. 26:10 GOAL - Scott Brown:Falkirk 0 - 1 Celtic Penalty taken right-footed by Scott Brown and scored. Falkirk 0-1 Celtic. 25:42 Booking Booking for Darren Dods for unsporting behaviour. 24:51 Corner taken by Charlie Mulgrew from the right by-line, Darren Dods challenges Thomas Rogne unfairly and gives away a Penalty. 21:15 Free kick taken by Fraser Forster. 21:15 Booking Stewart Murdoch booked. 21:07 Unfair challenge on Scott Brown by Stewart Murdoch results in a free kick. 20:51 The ball is crossed by Kallum Higginbotham. 18:38 Unfair challenge on Thomas Rogne by Darren Dods results in a free kick. Fraser Forster takes the direct free kick. 17:55 Corner taken by Mark Millar from the right by-line, Thomas Rogne manages to make a clearance. 15:44 Corner taken by James Forrest, Header from close range by Thomas Rogne bounces off the post. 14:44 Jay Fulton fouled by Emilio Izaguirre, the ref awards a free kick. Direct free kick taken by Kieran Duffie. 10:54 The referee blows for offside against Gary Hooper. Michael McGovern restarts play with the free kick. 10:39 Shot from 20 yards by Scott Brown. Save by Michael McGovern. 9:05 A cross is delivered by Emilio Izaguirre, clearance by Stewart Murdoch. 7:17 Farid El Alagui produces a left-footed shot from the edge of the area and misses to the left of the goal. 6:33 Free kick awarded for a foul by Victor Wanyama on Kallum Higginbotham. Thomas Scobbie takes the direct free kick. 5:08 Charlie Mulgrew takes the outswinging corner, clearance by Stewart Murdoch. 4:07 Free kick awarded for a foul by Murray Wallace on Charlie Mulgrew. Fraser Forster takes the direct free kick. 3:02 Effort from just outside the area by Kieran Duffie goes over the target. 1:10 Farid El Alagui challenges Thomas Rogne unfairly and gives away a free kick. Direct free kick taken by Du-Ri Cha. 0:00 The match has kicked off. Live text and data provided by The Press Association.


Hugo Chavez warns Venezuela banks

30 January 2012 Last updated at 02:06 GMT Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez shakes hands with a farm worker during his weekly radio and TV programme Mr Chavez says small farmers need credit to boost food production Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has warned that he could nationalise banks that refuse to finance agricultural projects backed by his government.

Mr Chavez said some leading banks were failing to comply with a legal requirement that at least 10% of their lending should support development.

"If you can't do it, give me the banks," he said.

The government has taken over several private banks in recent years over alleged irregularities.

'No alternative'

Mr Chavez was speaking during his weekly radio and television programme, which was broadcast from Barinas state in Venezuela's central plains, an important farming and cattle-ranching region.

He named three banks in particular - Banesco, Banco Mercantil and Banco Provincial - and accused them of favouring loans to large landowners and businesses rather than small farmers.

"Banks of Venezuela, private and public, either you finance agricultural production or we will take measures. There is no alternative," he said.

"We will pay the owners what the banks cost and in two years we will recover the investment," he added.

Mr Chavez also said he would step up the expropriation of large estates to give land to small farmers.

The process of agricultural reform has given many of Venezuela's rural poor the chance to farm for themselves for the first time.

But critics - including large ranchers and farmers who have lost their land - say production has suffered as a result, putting pressure on food supplies and prices.

Mr Chavez - who has governed Venezuela for 13 years - is seeking re-election in October in order to deepen the socialist "revolution" in Venezuela.


Kamis, 26 Januari 2012

Referendum body 'not impediment'

20 January 2012 Last updated at 19:26 GMT voting papers The Electoral Commission regulates elections and referendums The Scottish government is preparing to drop its opposition to the UK Electoral Commission supervising an independence referendum, BBC Scotland has learned.

The SNP administration had proposed setting up a new Scottish body to oversee the ballot.

But the coalition UK government said the commission could be made accountable to the Scottish Parliament during an independence referendum.

This seems to have reassured Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond.

A senior Scottish government source told the BBC the commission's involvement was no longer seen as an "impediment".

Mr Salmond has said his preferred date for the independence referendum is autumn 2014.

He will announce details of his government's consultation into the historic vote when he addresses the Scottish Parliament on Wednesday.

The UK government has offered to give legal authority on holding a referendum to the SNP government if it asks a simple yes or no question.

The Scottish government has said it does not need that authority to proceed.

It has rejected the offer of extra powers because of the "strings" attached.

Another of the sticking points had been disagreement over who would oversee the referendum.

The UK government thinks the Electoral Commission - which regulates elections, referendums and political donations across the UK - has expertise in such issues, and has a record of "fairness, impartiality and "transparency".

Continue reading the main story SNP position Unionist position

Wants the referendum in the autumn of 2014

Wants the referendum "sooner rather than later"

Backs a "yes/no" ballot but is open minded on including a second "devo max" question

Wants a one question "yes/no" ballot

Wants 16 and 17-year-olds to be able to vote in the referendum

Backs the status quo with 18 and over able to vote

Wants a special commission to conduct the referendum

Wants the Electoral Commission to oversee the vote

But the SNP had said the body was accountable to Westminster and not Holyrood and its board were appointed politically.

The Scottish government said it would much rather see a new body set up to keep an eye on proceedings.

But it appears they may be ready to drop that opposition if the Electoral Commission is made accountable to Holyrood.

A Scottish government spokeswoman said: "We will set out our detailed proposals for running the referendum in the consultation document we are publishing next Wednesday, which will be entirely fair, and people can judge them and submit their views."

A Scotland Office spokesman said: "If the reports that the Scottish government is prepared to allow the Electoral Commission to be involved in an independence referendum are confirmed, this would be a constructive step forward.

"We appear to be making steady progress on these issues since the launch of the UK government's consultation, with the Scottish government making positive comments on a single question and the use of a Section 30 order (to allow powers to hold a referendum to be transferred to Holyrood).

"Scottish Secretary Michael Moore very much hopes to build on that when he meets the first minister in Edinburgh next week."

Scottish Tory leader Ruth Davidson said: "We believe these issues should be dealt with on a basis of consensus rather than confrontation.

"The offer by the UK government that the Electoral Commission could report to Holyrood rather than Westminster for the referendum has been made in good faith and if these reports are true then it's a positive step forward."


VIDEO: House of Commons

The government has said it will not allow any more time to debate a bill on moving UK time forward by an hour, despite calls from MPs on all sides of the House for it to do so.

Speaking during the business statement on 26 January 2012, Commons Leader Sir George Young said the Daylight Saving Bill, a private members' bill , introduced by Tory Rebecca Harris, should not be given any more time because it stood no chance of becoming law.

A small group of MPs talked out the bill during its report stage on a recent Friday sitting.

With no further days expected to be given to debate private members' bills this Parliamentary session, the legislation is expected to fall.

Sir Alan Haselhurst, who as a former deputy speaker chaired many Friday sittings, told MPs of the "many communications" he had received from his constituents about the bill.

He asked if there was "any prospect" of giving the proposals more time in the Chamber.

Commons Leader Sir George Young confirmed he had also received "a good number of emails" on the subject, but said giving the bill more time would not "do the trick".

He suggested another MP should "pick up the baton" and try to push through similar legislation in the next private members' bill ballot.

Labour's Heidi Alexander aired her irritation at the "handful of members" who "waffled on for five days" during the recent sitting.

After laughter from colleagues, she quickly corrected herself: "I mean five hours. It felt like five days!"

Sir George said he understood the "sense of frustration" from members, but insisted there was "no practical way" of the bill passing, "even if the government gave it time".


'EU not stupid': Hungary PM told

24 January 2012 Last updated at 16:41 GMT European Parliament President Martin Schulz (R) and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban talk to the press after meeting in Brussels, 24 January Mr Schulz (R) met Mr Orban at the European Parliament The speaker of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz, has told Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban he should not think EU leaders "are stupid".

Mr Orban was in Brussels to meet top EU officials in a bid to settle the row over Hungary's new constitution.

The European Commission has begun legal action, arguing the laws will damage central bank and judicial independence.

Mr Schulz said Mr Orban should not think he could say one thing in Budapest, and another in Brussels.

The Hungarian prime minister is seeking to reach a deal with the Commission on reworking some parts of the controversial legislation in order to revive stalled international aid talks.

He was also having talks on Tuesday with Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso and European Council President Herman Van Rompuy.

Hungary's economy is heading for recession and investors' loss of confidence has pushed borrowing costs to above 9%.

EU finance ministers on Tuesday endorsed a report that threatens sanctions against Mr Orban's government because of its failure to bring Hungary's budget deficit below the target of 3% of GDP.

'A clever man'

"Prime Minister Orban is an efficient man," Mr Schulz, flanked by Mr Orban, told reporters in English.

"He is an efficient man by taking on board in Brussels the European rhetoric and to blame the same rhetoric when he is in Budapest as a kind of inadmissible approach.

"So the Europeans should take into account that he is a clever man as a party leader but he should take into account that the European leaders are not stupid."

On his Twitter account, the parliamentary speaker said he had told Mr Orban that EU institutions would "remain firm in their stance defending our shared values".

He had, he said, the impression that his talks with the Hungarian prime minister "would lead PM Orban to reflect".

The European Commission - the EU's executive arm - opened legal proceedings against Hungary on 17 January, giving the country a month to respond to its concerns.

Critics say the new central bank law puts the bank's independence at risk by allowing Mr Orban to install a new deputy governor.

There are also fears that Hungary's new data protection authority will come under the influence of Mr Orban's party, Fidesz, and that a plan to make 274 judges retire early will undermine the judiciary's independence by enabling new pro-Fidesz appointees to replace them.

Hungary's total debt has risen to 82% of its output, while its currency, the forint, has fallen to record lows against the euro.

The Orban government wants to reach a deal with the EU and International Monetary Fund on a standby loan worth up to 20bn euros (£16.5bn; $25bn).


Boko Haram urged to state demands

26 January 2012 Last updated at 19:59 GMT Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan says that Boko Haram "operates without a face"

The president of Nigeria has challenged the Islamist militant group Boko Haram to identify themselves and state their demands as a basis for dialogue.

Goodluck Jonathan said there was no doubt that Boko Haram had links with other Jihadist groups outside Nigeria.

He said if they did not identify themselves, talks were impossible.

It comes as the leader of Boko Haram denies killing civilians in last week's Kano bombings, in which 185 people died.

In an interview with Reuters, Mr Jonathan said: "If they clearly identify themselves now and say this is the reason why we are resisting, this is the reason why we are confronting government or this is the reason why we destroyed some innocent people and their properties, why not.

"See, as a president of a country you will not preside over dead bodies. You will be a president of people who are alive. So if they clearly identify themselves then there will be a basis for dialogue."

He acknowledged the fears of the United Nations and neighbouring governments that the groups training and arming were being bolstered by Jihadist allies such al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb and al-Shabaab.

In Kano, Christian leaders have welcomed the President's appeal for dialogue to end the current state of insecurity.

Denial

The group has acknowledged carrying out attacks on police stations and other official buildings.

But in a message posted on YouTube, Abubakar Shekau blamed the deaths of "innocent civilians" on Nigeria's security forces.

Nigeria's authorities deny the allegations.

Continue reading the main story 2002: Founded2009: Hundreds killed when Maiduguri police stations stormed; leader Mohammed Yusuf captured and killedDec 2010: Bombed Jos, killing 80 people; blamed for New Year's Eve attack on Abuja barracksJun-Aug 2011: Bomb attacks on Abuja police HQ and UN buildingDec 2011: Multiple bomb attacks on Christmas Day kill dozens Jan 2012: Wave of violence across north-east NigeriaLast Friday's attack in Nigeria's second-biggest city was the deadliest in Boko Haram's recent campaign of violence, carried out in the mainly Muslim north.

Boko Haram, whose name means "Western education is forbidden", says it wants to overthrow the government and impose Islamic law.

This week security forces arrested more than 150 suspected members of the organisation.

In his 40-minute audio message, Mr Shekau also threatened to carry out a bombing campaign against Nigeria's secondary schools and universities - unless security forces stopped what he claimed was a series of recent attacks on Islamic schools or madrassas in the northern town of Maiduguri.

The still picture posted on YouTube shows Mr Shekau dressed in a black turban and a white gown and bullet-proof vest - holding an AK 47 rifle.

He reiterated claims that the Nigerian government would not be able to stop Boko Haram - and demanded the release from prison of all its members.

On Tuesday, President Goodluck Jonathan sacked the chief of police, Hafiz Ringim, forcing him to retire early, a statement from the presidency said.

There had been calls for the police chief's resignation since a man suspected of masterminding Boko Haram's Christmas Day bomb attacks on churches escaped from police custody earlier this month.


Turkey says French bill 'racist'

24 January 2012 Last updated at 13:03 GMT Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan: "This law has no validity"

The Turkish prime minister has said a bill passed by the French parliament on the mass killing of Armenians under Ottoman rule is "racist".

Recep Tayyip Erdogan told the Turkish parliament in Ankara that the bill "murdered freedom of thought".

French President Nicolas Sarkozy is expected to sign the bill into law before the end of February.

Armenia says that up to 1.5 million people died in 1915-16 as the Ottoman empire split.

Turkey, which rejects the term "genocide", has said the number of deaths was much smaller.

Defenders of the bill point out that it covers all acts of genocide.

'Footsteps of fascism'

"This is a racist and discriminatory approach and if you cannot see this, then you are deaf to the footsteps of fascism in Europe," Mr Erdogan said on Tuesday, a day after the bill was adopted by the French Senate.

Turkey, he added, hoped for the success of a French appeal against the bill to the constitutional commission.

"We will wait and see the developments and decide on our reply to them," he said.

Continue reading the main story Jonathan Head BBC News, Istanbul

There has been plenty of strong comment by Turkish officials and in the media over the newly approved genocide bill - one paper likened President Sarkozy to Satan - but in his first comments Prime Minister Erdogan was surprisingly restrained.

For us this law has no validity, he told MPs from his party in Ankara - it will take European values right back to mediaeval times. Turkey, he said, is a big power now - nobody can play games with us.

Mr Erdogan said he would take retaliatory measures against France if President Sarkozy approved the law but did not spell out what they would be, nor did he encourage Turkish people to show their own displeasure.

Beyond symbolic sanctions, like withdrawing its ambassador, it is not clear what Turkey can do. France is its fifth biggest trade partner but economic sanctions are impossible because of the free-trade agreement Turkey has with the EU.

However political and diplomatic relations will remain frozen for some time, especially if Mr Sarkozy is re-elected later this year, and that cannot help Turkey's already faltering candidacy for EU membership.

Earlier, the Turkish foreign ministry warned that Turkey planned to respond with unspecified measures against France.

It appeared to tie the bill to France's forthcoming elections.

"It is further unfortunate that the historical... relations between the Republic of Turkey and France have been sacrificed to considerations of political agenda,'' the ministry said.

An estimated 500,000 ethnic Armenians live in the country.

Correspondents say the French bill threatens to cause a serious rift between France and Turkey, who are Nato allies.

The Turkish government argues that judging what happened in eastern Turkey in 1915-16 should be left to historians, and that the new French law will restrict freedom of speech.

France has already recognised the killings as a genocide but the new bill means anyone denying it faces a year in jail and a fine of 45,000 euros ($57,000).

The killings are regarded as the seminal event of modern Armenian history, a tragic bond uniting one of the world's most dispersed peoples.

Among the other states which formally recognise them as genocide are Argentina, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Russia and Uruguay, but the UK, US, Israel and others use different terminology.

Armenia has described Monday's vote - by 127 votes to 86 - as "historic".

"This day will be written in gold not only in the history of friendship between the Armenian and French peoples, but also in the annals of the history of the protection of human rights," said Minister of Foreign Affairs Edward Nalbandian.

Continue reading the main story France is Turkey's fifth biggest export market and the sixth biggest source of its importsVolume of trade in 2010: 11.6bn euros with a surplus of 862m euros in France's favour About 350 French companies were active in Turkey in 2010About 550,000 Turkish citizens live in France while nearly 930,000 French tourists visited Turkey in 2010sources: Turkish foreign ministry and Reuters news agencyHowever, in neighbouring Azerbaijan, a senior member of the ruling party said France's credibility as a mediator with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute had been damaged and it should abandon its role there.

"France has betrayed its mediator mission," said Ali Ahmadov, executive secretary of the New Azerbaijan Party.

Ankara froze ties with France after the lower house passed the bill last month.

The proposed law had been made more general - outlawing the denial of any genocide - but still failed to appease Ankara.

Last week, President Sarkozy wrote to Mr Erdogan saying the bill did not single out any country.

He said France recognised the "suffering endured by the Turkish people" in the final years of the Ottoman empire.

French foreign ministry spokesman Bernard Valero called on Turkey not to overreact, saying Paris considered Ankara a "very important ally".


Blunt speaking on town hall cuts

26 January 2012 Last updated at 15:25 GMT Car driving past pothole Councils still make a point of finding money to fix potholes "Stop believing what the government tells you" - advice from one senior executive in a Conservative-controlled council in England on local government cuts.

"This is the most unfair and unjust settlement I have ever seen, and the sooner it is seen off the better," said another, also working for a Tory authority.

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) on Thursday publishes details of some of the telephone conversations they have had with top officials in English councils in a report on the impact of reductions to local government budgets for the most deprived communities.

For those of a delicate disposition, a warning: the next response contains some blunt vernacular.

Breakdown of what is classed as pro-rich, pro-poor and neutral services

"All the stuff that the government said was a complete nonsense," a senior officer in a Tory-run authority told them.

"They've made up this new formula - which is to say that our complete income-generating power, including council tax receipts, is X. Bollocks. It's a lot harder than he [Local Government Secretary Eric Pickles] would like to make out."

Twenty-five local authority chief executives or senior officials were interviewed in what the report describes as a broadly representative sample of English councils. The researchers, perhaps expecting that officials in Tory areas would be more supportive of Conservative ministers in Westminster, express surprise at the unanimity of response.

It is suggestive, they conclude, "of the widespread shock across the sector, regardless of the political affiliation of the authority".

The government argues that the cuts to local authority budgets are necessary to deal with the deficit and that only by obliging councils to take a long hard look at their efficiency and their spending priorities can the country avoid a much worse economic plight.

Ministers argue that while they have "offered a higher degree of protection to the vulnerable", some council chief executives "earn £100,000 more than the prime minister".

The JRF research, however, looks at what is happening on the ground and warns that "a particularly severe real terms cut" in council budgets will hit the most deprived authorities hardest.

"The consequences for vulnerable people and places living in the most disadvantaged council areas may be substantial," they suggest.

Analysing previously published research evidence, the report aims to assess how the cuts are affecting services used disproportionately by people from different income groups. This table shows the range of provision from "very pro-poor" help for the homeless to "pro-rich" funding for museums, arts and culture.

What emerges is a progressive picture of much bigger cuts to "pro-rich" services than "pro-poor", although the category described as "neutral-" appears to have been somewhat protected.

Average change in budgets by level of distribution

In this group one finds road maintenance and traffic management - it would appear that councils are reluctant to hit the motorist too hard.

In one authority, councillors agreed that "fixing pot holes" was the only issue for which they were prepared to dip into their reserves after a local consultation identified it as residents' top priority.

"Elected members have their voters to appease," the JRF researchers note in their report, adding that "the ability of the so-called 'sharp-elbowed middle classes' to defend or claim back the services they consider they need or deserve should not be underestimated."

Although deprived neighbourhoods will take the biggest hit, councils are quietly trying to target their provision towards the most needy”

End Quote

Despite the fact that pro-poor services seem to have been affected least, the evidence is that, because poorer communities are more reliant on council services, the impact of cuts will fall more heavily on disadvantaged people. More affluent households, it is argued in today's report, have "the capacity to supplement public with other forms of provision".

This observation goes to the heart of the argument about what "fair" should mean.

Is it fairer that cuts are made across the board, regardless of wealth? Or does fairness imply that the council should protect those in most need, prioritising the poorest neighbourhoods ahead of the more affluent?

Today's report claims to have found "evidence of tensions emerging around the degree to which the needs of disadvantaged groups should be protected and prioritised".

A telephone interview with one executive in a Conservative-controlled council reveals some of the difficulties in being seen to safeguard the poorest citizens.

Researcher: "What about the situation for deprived neighbourhoods? Have they taken a bigger hit?"Senior executive: "Not intentionally, we have tried not to..."Researcher: "Was there discussion of that principle?"Senior executive: "Yes."Researcher: "Where was it discussed? In cabinet?"Senior executive: "I don't think we've got that recorded anywhere... Where we can, we are consciously protecting the deprived communities and their voluntary sector, but we're not being spectacularly overt about it, we're just doing it."

The JRF report suggests that, although deprived neighbourhoods will take the biggest hit, councils are quietly trying to target their provision towards the most needy. However, this strategy has potentially negative consequences of its own.

"It could mean that, for example, the adult social care provided by local government becomes stigmatised and residualised," the researchers warn. The client base becomes over-represented by the most severe and complex cases from the poorest communities, removing from the process the "well connected, demanding advocates of good service".

For those who worry that some disadvantaged neighbourhoods are being cast adrift from mainstream society, today's JRF report makes troubling reading. It questions whether English local government can continue to serve deprived communities and suggests the "early evidence points to the distinctive impact of cuts on services for children and young people".

Eric Pickles has consistently argued that it is by bearing down on waste and duplication that local authorities can find the necessary savings without damaging front-line services. It is not a view shared by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

"That the 'next generation' are the most obvious casualty of the current remaking of local government provides considerable cause for concern," the researchers conclude.


Rising prices pressurise elderly

24 January 2012 Last updated at 09:57 GMT By Judith Burns Education reporter, BBC News Elderly hand holding money A third of elderly people say they are struggling to afford the basics, according to Age UK Elderly people are finding it harder to make ends meet as prices rise, says a report from the charity Age UK.

More than half of people aged 60 or over said it was more difficult to live on their incomes than a year ago, according to an ICM poll for Age UK.

A third said they can only just afford to buy the basics while one in 10 said they struggled to cope.

Michelle Mitchell, of Age UK, said: "Many old people are fearful of the future in this economic climate."

ICM polled more than a thousand elderly people earlier this month, to coincide with the publication of Age UK's report, Living on a Low Income in Later Life.

The report, based on in-depth interviews with 25 people, gave a snapshot of lives that revolved around making every penny count.

One 78-year-old woman said: "What you say is 'I don't really need it. I'll get by without it.' That's it."

Her view was typical of a group of people whose talk was of cutting back, making do and coping with the cost of fuel and food, according to the report.

Nearly one in seven admitted to having gone to bed when they were not tired - in order to keep warm.

Discount food

Others told the researchers, from Loughborough University, they only bought food at the end of the day when prices were reduced.

Some said they could not afford to replace a broken oven and so would make do by using a hob or a microwave instead.

Some people told the researchers their incomes were so finely balanced that they might not be able to manage if prices rose further or benefits such as free bus travel were cut.

The anecdotal evidence in the report was borne out by the poll figures which showed that nearly a quarter of people bought less food than they would like.

More than half said they had recently switched to cheaper brands of food.

Nearly one in five said they would find it hard to pay an unexpected bill of £150.

Ms Mitchell, Age UK's charity director, said: "Living on a low income is hard work. Currently there are 1.8 million people in later life living in poverty.

"Our polling suggests that many above the official poverty line are finding life hard.

"Older people tend to show a great deal of resilience in managing their money and eke out their incomes.

"This report demonstrates exactly how emotionally draining it is for older people to constantly survive on a low income," she said.


Egypt protesters stay in square

25 January 2012 Last updated at 22:14 GMT Nine-year-old girl takes part in protest, 25 January 2012 Thousands of people remained in the square as night fell Thousands of Egyptians have remained in Cairo's Tahrir Square after a rally marking the anniversary of the uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak.

Some have vowed to stay until another rally planned for Friday, news agencies reported.

Many of the protesters are demanding a speedy handover of power from the interim military authorities.

Others are urging patience and celebrating the success of Islamist parties in post-Mubarak elections.

The Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) of the Muslim Brotherhood - banned under Mr Mubarak - holds the largest number of seats in the newly elected parliament, although this does not mean it will be invited to form a government.

Large rallies were also reported in Suez, several parts of the Nile delta, and in the Sinai peninsula.

Mr Mubarak, who fled the capital after less than three weeks of protests, has since been put on trial accused of ordering the killing of demonstrators. He denies the charges.

'Goals not met'

The BBC's Jon Leyne, in Cairo, says the mood at the anniversary rally in Tahrir Square has been peaceful, resembling more a huge street party than a political protest.

Continue reading the main story image of Jon Leyne Jon Leyne BBC News, Cairo

It was a huge crowd. Possibly the biggest gathering in Tahrir Square since that day nearly a year ago when they celebrated the departure of Hosni Mubarak. But as to the political significance - that's a bit harder to assess.

Many of the demonstrators complained that not enough had changed in the year since the revolution - they want a quick handover from military to civilian rule.

But there are now many competing agendas in Egypt. On one side of the square the Islamists revelled in their recent success in the parliamentary elections.

Their leaders are in behind-the-scenes talks with the military over a negotiated handover of power later this year. On the other side of the square, liberals and representatives of the youth movement were more openly antagonistic towards Egypt's military rulers.

Many more people came just to enjoy what felt like a huge street party. But while everyone still jostles for power in Egypt, sooner or later someone is going to have to take responsibility for the tough decisions needed to get this country moving again.

The various groups are all competing to claim ownership of the revolution, he says, from the youth movement which began the protests a year ago, to the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (Scaf), which took power last February after Mr Mubarak stepped down.

Many of the protesters demanded an immediate handover of power.

"I am not here to celebrate. I am here for a second revolution," said unemployed Attiya Mohammed Attiya. "The military council is made of remnants of the Mubarak regime. We will only succeed when we remove them from power."

Chef Hala Rashad told AFP: "We will keep going to Tahrir to push for the goals of the revolution, no matter what.

"The military council has done nothing. They are behaving just like the old regime. We have not received our rights and the country is a mess."

Other groups chanted "Down with military rule" and "Revolution until victory, revolution in all of Egypt's streets".

But supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood said the protests should end and the new leaders be given time to move Egypt forward.

Teacher Alaa Mohammed said the military council had overseen the "cleanest elections ever" and protected the revolution.

Others said they had turned out to remember the more than 850 people killed during the Tahrir Square protests.

"We should not forget that there was bloodshed here. This is not a celebration, but it is a big event to send our condolences to our brothers who passed away between the 25th of last January and now," said Walid Saad.

'Thuggery'

On Tuesday, Scaf chairman Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi said the state of emergency, which has been in place in Egypt almost continuously since 1967, was to be lifted.

But Field Marshall Tantawi said the law would still be applied in cases of "thuggery", without giving any details.

The military has used the term "thugs" to justify the crackdown on people demanding a return to civilian rule.

An end to the much-hated law had been a key demand of the protesters. During his nearly 30 years in power, Mr Mubarak had repeatedly promised to lift the decree and then failed to do so.

Last year, the generals widened the scope of the emergency law to include labour strikes, traffic disruption and spreading false information.

The military council has also announced that more than 1,900 prisoners have been pardoned by Field Marshall Tantawi - they reportedly include prominent blogger Michael Nabil, who was jailed for insulting the armed forces.


Scorsese's Hugo up for 11 Oscars

24 January 2012 Last updated at 16:21 GMT Asa Butterfield and Sir Ben Kingsley in a scene from Martin Scorsese's Hugo

Martin Scorsese's 3D epic adventure film Hugo leads the charge at this year's Academy Awards with 11 nods, including best film and director.

French comedy The Artist is up for 10 awards, including best film, director, actor and supporting actress.

Meryl Streep receives her 17th Oscar nomination for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher, while George Clooney and Brad Pitt are up for best actor.

The winners will be announced in Los Angeles on 26 February.

Seven other films are in competition for the best picture prize alongside The Artist and Hugo.

They are War Horse, Moneyball, The Tree Of Life, Midnight In Paris, The Help, The Descendants, and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close.

Jean Dujardin and Berenice Bejo The Artist has been stealing the show at other awards ceremonies in the run-up to the Oscar nominations

Both Hugo and The Artist are love-letters to cinema and reflect an appreciation for the silent era.

Scorsese's movie is a heartwarming family tale about an orphaned boy living in a French railway station.

The Artist tells the story of an actor put out of work by the advent of the "talkies".

Continue reading the main story Hugo - 11The Artist - 10The Help - 6Moneyball - 6War Horse - 6The Descendants - 5The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo - 4Midnight in Paris - 4Michel Hazanavicius received nods for writing and directing the comedy, while his wife Berenice Bejo was named in the best supporting actress category.

Bejo said she was "overjoyed and filled with happiness" after hearing of the nominations, while Hazanavicius said the film's impressive tally of nominations was "far beyond what I ever imagined".

Jean Dujardin, who stars in the film, will compete for best actor along with George Clooney (The Descendants), Demian Bichir (A Better Life), Brad Pitt (Moneyball) and British actor Gary Oldman (Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy).

It is Oldman's first nomination, after more than 30 years on the big screen.

The British star said: "You may have heard this before, but it has never been truer than it is for me today: It is extremely humbling, gratifying, and delightful to have your work recognized by the Academy, and to join the celebrated ranks of previous nominees and colleagues. Amazing."

Gary Oldman in Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, courtesy of Studiocanal

Streep, who is up for best actress, already had more Oscar nominations than any other actor before the Academy announced its 2012 shortlist.

She has now pulled further ahead from Katharine Hepburn and Jack Nicholson, who have 12 nods each and are in second place.

The 62-year-old has won twice, for Kramer vs Kramer and Sophie's Choice.

Other contenders in this year's best actress category are Glenn Close (Albert Nobbs), Viola Davis (The Help), Rooney Mara (The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo) and Michelle Williams (My Week With Marilyn).

Woody Allen picked up a best director nomination for his 41st movie Midnight In Paris. His competition comes from Scorsese, Hazanavicius, Terrence Malick (The Tree Of Life) and Alexander Payne (The Descendants).

Jessica Chastain and Octavia Spencer in The Help Civil rights drama The Help has six nominations

Co-stars of The Help Octavia Spencer and Jessica Chastain (pictured above) will go head to head for the best supporting actress prize.

Melissa McCarthy and Britain's Janet McTeer complete the category for their roles in Bridesmaids and Albert Nobbs respectively.

It is McTeer's second Oscar nod, following recognition for 1999's Tumbleweed.

Surprises

British star Kenneth Branagh will vie for the best supporting actor title, after playing one of his childhood idols in My Week With Marilyn.

George Clooney and Meryl Streep George Clooney and Meryl Streep are nominated in the best acting categories

"It was a rare honour to play Sir Laurence Olivier," he told the BBC. "To be recognised by the Academy for doing so is overwhelming. I'm absolutely thrilled."

Branagh's challengers are Jonah Hill (Moneyball), Nick Nolte (Warrior), Max von Sydow (Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close).

Christopher Plummer is also on the shortlist for the movie Beginners, in which he plays an elderly father who comes out of the closet.

With a career that spans 60 years, Plummer's work largely went unrecognised until two years ago, when he was nominated in the supporting actor category for his portrayal of Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station.

If he wins this time, the 82-year-old will become the oldest ever actor to receive an Oscar, surpassing Jessica Tandy who was 80 when she was named best actress for Driving Miss Daisy.

The honour could alternatively go to supporting actor nominee von Sydow, who is also 82.

Kung Fu Panda 2 was recognised in the animated film category, along with A Cat In Paris, Chico And Rita, Puss In Boots and Rango.

Iranian film A Separation, which recently triumphed at the London Critics Circle awards, received two nods, including best foreign language movie and original screenplay.

As always, there were some surprises. Steve McQueen's controversial film Shame, starring Michael Fassbender as a sex addict, was notably absent from the nominations.

We Need To Talk About Kevin and Drive, both of which have proven popular with voters at other awards ceremonies, were also missing from the Academy's longlist.


Hamas MP detained for six months

25 January 2012 Last updated at 08:15 GMT Aziz Dweik (file pic) Aziz Dweik was arrested by Israel in 2006 and spent almost three years in prison An Israeli military court has ordered Hamas MP Aziz Dweik, speaker of the Palestinian parliament, to be held without trial for six months.

His lawyer told Reuters news agency that the detention order says his client is "liable to be involved in hostile actions against Israel".

Mr Dweik was detained on Thursday near the West Bank city of Ramallah.

Both the Palestinian Authority and Hamas, which Israel has designated a terrorist group, condemned the arrest.

Hamas said Israel wanted to undermine its attempts at reconciliation with the Fatah movement of Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas.

'No specific reasons'

Mr Dweik, an influential figure in Palestinian political circles, was the first of five Hamas MPs to be arrested by the Israelis in the past five days.

On Tuesday evening, his office said a military court in Ofer had ordered that he be placed in administrative detention for six months.

"As is almost always the case, it gave no specific reasons why Dweik should be held," his lawyer Fadi Kawasmi told Reuters.

"It said only that he was being detained because he was liable to be involved in hostile actions against Israel," he added.

Mr Dweik was arrested by Israel in 2006, not long after Hamas won the Palestinian Legislative Council elections, and spent almost three years in prison after being convicted of belonging to an illegal organisation.

The Islamist group seized control of Gaza from forces loyal to President Abbas in 2007, since when the PLC has not functioned formally.

On Friday, a day after Mr Dweik's arrest, Israeli soldiers detained Hamas MP Khaled Tafesh at his home in a village east of Bethlehem.

And on Monday, Israeli police arrested another two senior Hamas MPs who had been sheltering for more than 18 months in the compound of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in East Jerusalem.

Former Palestinian Jerusalem Affairs Minister Khaled Abu Arafah and Mohammed Totah took refuge after their Jerusalem residency permits were cancelled.

Then early on Tuesday, Hamas said its MP Abdul Jaber Fuqaha had been taken from his home in Ramallah by Israeli soldiers.

The Palestinian Authority cabinet condemned the arrests on Tuesday and demanded Israel "immediately free all lawmakers".


Cook upbeat despite late wickets

Alastair Cook walks off Cook fell six runs short of his 20th Test century Alastair Cook believes England are in a strong position to push for victory in the second Test again Pakistan.

Cook and Jonathan Trott shared a stand of 139 before England lost three late wickets for just nine runs to finish the second day in Abu Dhabi on 207-5.

England are 50 runs behind with five wickets in hand and Cook thinks they can build a first-innings advantage.

"We had a good day but the shine was probably taken off it a little bit with those last couple of wickets," he said.

"We're only 50 behind and we've got a couple of excellent players with [Ian] Bell and Matty [Prior] in at the moment, and then obviously our lower order, which played well in Dubai.

Continue reading the main story Geoffrey Boycott: 22 centuries, 108 TestsColin Cowdrey: 22 centuries, 114 TestsWally Hammond: 22 centuries, 85 TestsGraham Gooch: 20 centuries, 118 TestsKen Barrington: 20 centuries, 82 TestsAlastair Cook: 19 centuries, 73 TestsLen Hutton: 19 centuries, 79 TestsKevin Pietersen: 19 centuries, 79 TestsAndrew Strauss: 19 centuries, 90 TestsDavid Gower: 18 centuries, 117 TestsMichael Vaughan: 18 centuries, 82 Tests

"If we can get past that [first] half an hour and then look to build a lead... But if you look too far ahead then you can get stuck."

Pakistan lost their last three wickets for one run in 16 balls as they were bowled out for 257 in the morning.

Cook and Trott helped England to 166 for one in reply, but Saeed Ajmal followed up Abdur Rehman's dismissal of Trott for 74 by removing Cook (94), Kevin Pietersen and Eoin Morgan, the latter with what proved to be the last ball of the day.

Cook added: "Credit to the way Pakistan bowled in that last half-hour, and made it extremely tough.

"These guys are used to playing in these conditions and sniff an opportunity like they did to get a couple of wickets.

Cook upbeat despite Pakistan dominance

"They did bowl very well and it's very difficult to go in there. Unfortunately, losing Eoin in the last over of the day was a shame."

Cook fell narrowly short of a 20th Test century, which would have put him joint fourth on England's all-time list with England batting coach Graham Gooch and Ken Barrington.

"It's always frustrating when you've worked so hard for a milestone, to fall just short of it," said the 27-year-old.

"It's disappointing when you don't get it, because you know it took five hours to get there. But it beats last week, when I got three and five."


MoD 'accelerates 3,000 job cuts'

26 January 2012 Last updated at 22:12 GMT British soldiers in Afghanistan Military personnel are also being cut by around 18% The MoD is to speed up job losses among its civilian staff to try to plug a budget shortfall, the BBC has learned.

It had already planned to shed 32,000 civilian posts by 2020, of which 25,000 were to go by 2015. But the BBC understands that an extra 3,000 of the total will now also go by 2015.

Ministers have accelerated the job losses because of a shortfall in the MoD's budget, believed to be £2-3bn.

The MoD said earlier reports of extra cuts to civilian jobs were inaccurate.

BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Beale said at least 32,000 posts are to close overall - a third of the MoD's civilian staff.

Military personnel are also being cut by around 18%, said our correspondent.

'Balanced programme'

Under the terms of the Strategic Defence and Security Review, announced in 2010, the navy and the RAF each had to cut 5,000 jobs by 2015, the Army 7,000 and the Ministry of Defence 25,000 civilian staff.

Last year, the government said another 7,000 civilian posts would go.

It is understood that the 3,000 job losses by 2015 are being brought forward from among the 7,000 that it was announced last July would go between 2015 and 2020.

An MoD spokesman said: "Reports that the MoD will make a further 3,000 civil servants redundant are inaccurate.

"There are no plans to make any further civilian redundancies beyond what has already been announced to Parliament."

On Wednesday, MPs said it was "grotesque" that 40% of armed forces redundancies had been compulsory, while no civilian staff had been forced out of a job.

The Commons defence committee queried whether the terms on offer to military personnel were "fair or appropriate" given the "shocking" difference.


Sportsday Live - breaking news

• Sportsday Live featuring the latest on Andy Murray's quarter-final win at the Australian Open, the second Test between England and Pakistan, the Harry Redknapp trial and transfer news. Get involved in Sportsday Live on Twitter with the hashtag #bbcsportsday Follow us on Twitter: @BBCSport

LATEST UPDATES (all times GMT)Twitter London 2012 0838 OLYMPICS: BBC Sport's Ian Singleton has spoken to British hammer thrower Sophie Hitchon. You can read the interview on this website. 0834 CRICKET: Meanwhile, you may have woken up to the news that England's Chris Tremlett will miss the rest of the Test series against Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates because of a back injury. "Gutted to be going home early from the tour but hopefully get the back sorted out quickly. Thanks for all the kind messages," he said on Twitter. 0829 FOOTBALL: Cardiff are already through to the final after beating Crystal Palace on penalties on Tuesday. There is video reaction on the site, including the thoughts of a delighted Cardiff manager Malky Mackay. 0825 FOOTBALL: Staying on football, there is a huge match later with Manchester City hoping to overturn a 1-0 deficit against Liverpool in the second leg of their Carling Cup semi-final tie at Anfield. There will be live text commentary on this website and there is commentary on BBC Radio 5 live. You can watch the highlights on the League Cup Show. 0820 FOOTBALL: Stevenage name Gary Smith as their new manager. 0803: It has been and will be a very busy day in the sporting world. We will bring you reaction from Andy Murray's quarter-final win over Kei Nishikori, the second Test between England and Pakistan, the latest transfer news, news from the Harry Redknapp trial and the latest ahead of the crunch Carling Cup semi-final tie between Liverpool and Manchester City. 0800: Good morning and welcome to Sportsday Live on Wednesday, 25 January. We open with three stories from today's gossip column. Sunderland have taken 19-year-old Enoch Balotelli, brother of Manchester City striker Mario, on trial (Daily Mirror). Wolves' 23-year-old winger Adam Hammill has emerged as a shock transfer target for Wigan (the Sun). Liverpool reportedly have made an offer for £15m-rated Udinese and Chile international midfielder Mauricio Isla, 23 (Daily Star).

Ahmadinejad ready to revive talks

26 January 2012 Last updated at 15:57 GMT President Ahmadinejad President Ahmadinejad accused the West of trying to ruin negotiations in order to put pressure on Iran Iran is ready to revive talks with the West but tougher sanctions will not force it to give in to demands over its nuclear programme, its president says.

On Monday, the EU banned new oil contracts with Iran, saying it was not confident Tehran's nuclear plans were "exclusively peaceful".

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said it was evident that "those who resort to coercion are opposed to talks".

Tehran insists its nuclear programme is for energy purposes.

Negotiations between Iran and the five permanent UN Security Council members plus Germany ended in a stalemate in January 2011.

President Ahmadinejad is the highest-ranking Iranian official since then to offer to resume talks.

In a speech made in Kerman, southeastern Iran, and broadcast on state television, he accused the West of trying to ruin negotiations in order to put increased pressure on Iran.

"It is the West that needs Iran and the Iranian nation will not lose from the sanctions," the president said.

"It is you who come up with excuses each time and issue resolutions on the verge of talks so that negotiations collapse,'' he said.

"Why should we shun talks? Why and how should a party that has logic and is right shun talks? It is evident that those who resort to coercion are opposed to talks and always bring pretexts and blame us instead."

BBC correspondent Kasra Naji says Tehran has failed to clarify exactly what kind of talks it is prepared to enter into.

In the last two rounds of meetings, in Turkey and Geneva, Iranian officials were happy to talk about anything except the West's concerns about its nuclear programme, our correspondent added.

EU sanctions

EU foreign ministers formally adopted the sanctions against Iran at a meeting in Brussels.

In a joint statement, UK Prime Minister David Cameron, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Iran had "failed to restore international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of its nuclear programme".

The EU said the sanctions prohibit the import, purchase and transport of Iranian crude oil and petroleum products as well as related finance and insurance. All existing contracts will have to be phased out by 1 July.

Investment as well as the export of key equipment and technology for Iran's petrochemical sector is also banned.

EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said the purpose of the sanctions was "to put pressure on Iran to come back to the negotiating table".

Iran branded the embargo "unfair" and "doomed to fail", but it was welcomed by US President Barack Obama, who said it showed international unity against the "serious threat" posed by Iran's nuclear programme.

The EU currently buys about 20% of Iran's oil exports.

IAEA Iran visit

Earlier this week, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN's nuclear watchdog confirmed it would send a team to Iran between 29 and 31 January "to resolve all outstanding substantive issues".

In a report last November the IAEA said it had information suggesting Iran had carried out tests "relevant to the development of a nuclear explosive device".

Iran sells most of its oil to countries in Asia. The EU and the United States are now working to persuade Asian countries to reduce their purchases from Iran as well.

But Beijing has criticised the European Union for its ban. China - a big importer of Iranian crude oil - has long opposed unilateral sanctions targeting Iran's energy sector. It says the nuclear dispute should be resolved through dialogue.

On Thursday, China's official Xinhua News Agency quoted its foreign ministry as saying: "To blindly pressure and impose sanctions on Iran are not constructive approaches."

Iran has already threatened to retaliate to the sanctions against it by blocking the Strait of Hormuz at the entrance to the Gulf, through which 20% of the world's oil exports pass.

The US has said it will keep the trade route open, raising the possibility of a confrontation.

Iran oil exports

Rabu, 25 Januari 2012

Jail term for false Walsh claims

25 January 2012 Last updated at 20:24 GMT Louis Walsh Mr Walsh had consistently denied Watters' allegations A 24-year-old man has been jailed after falsely accusing X Factor judge Louis Walsh of sexual assault.

Unemployed dance teacher Leonard Watters admitted making two false reports that Mr Walsh had groped him in a Dublin nightclub in April 2011.

At Dublin District Court, Judge Dermot Dempsey sentenced Watters, from Navan in County Meath, to six months' jail but granted him bail to appeal.

Mr Walsh had consistently denied Watters' claims against him.

On 9 April last year, Watters had told a Garda officer outside the Krystle nightclub that Mr Walsh had assaulted him in the club's toilets.

Two months later he made two formal statements to police but was arrested after admitting fabricating his story when faced with CCTV footage that did not support his version of events. Watters continued to claim he had been sexually assaulted but not by Mr Walsh.

Watters' lawyer, Cahir O'Higgins, had appealed to the court not to jail his client, saying Watters' life had been a tragic series of disasters and that he was now a laughing stock.

"For ever and a day, he will be known as the guy who accused Louis Walsh in the wrong," Mr O'Higgins said. "He is a vulnerable, fragile human being, who behaved appallingly without giving real thought to the consequences for the injured party."

But Judge Dempsey said the public had to be protected against false allegations.

Mr Walsh manages a number of music acts including Westlife and Wonderland and is the only remaining member of the original X Factor panel.


'Three-person IVF' moves closer

19 January 2012 Last updated at 12:59 GMT  Almost all cells have mitochondria - shown here in green Public opinion will help decide the future of a controversial genetic technique to stop serious conditions being passed from mother to child.


It replaces defective genetic material in the egg in order to eliminate rare mitochondrial diseases.


After the consultation into "three-person IVF", ministers will decide whether to allow it in patients.


A £5.8m centre at Newcastle University, funded by the Wellcome Trust, will investigate the technique's safety.

Inherited defects

Mitochondria can be found within almost every human cell, and provide the energy they need to function.


Like the nucleus of the cell, they contain DNA, although in tiny quantities.


Approximately 1 in 5,000 babies is born with inherited defects in their mitochondrial DNA, the effects of which can be very severe, or even fatal, depending on which cells are affected.

Continue reading the main story
Every year we see hundreds of patients whose lives are seriously affected by mitochondrial disease.”

End Quote Prof Doug Turnbull, Newcastle University Scientists believe they have found a way to substitute the defective mitochondria and hopefully prevent the child from developing a disease.


They take two eggs, one from the mother and another from a donor.


The nucleus of the donor egg is removed, leaving the rest of the egg contents, including the mitochondria, and is replaced with the nucleus from the mother's egg.


The resulting embryo has properly functioning mitochondria from the donor, and should, in theory, be healthy.


This replacement is like replacing a battery and therefore has no impact on the DNA that determines other factors, such as appearance.


Even though the child would have a very limited genetic contribution from the third person, there is still opposition from some groups, who say such genetic manipulation carries risks.


Currently, a change in the law would be needed before it could be offered to patients.

'Vital that we listen'

Announcing the consultation, David Willetts, minister for universities and science, said: "Scientists have made an important and potentially life-saving discovery in the prevention of mitochondrial disease.


"However, as with all developments in cutting-edge science, it is vital that we to listen to the public's views before we consider any change in the law allowing it to be used."


It is hoped the consultation will be complete by the end of this year.


Sir Mark Walport, from the Wellcome Trust, said the technique might prevent previously incurable diseases.


"We welcome the opportunity to discuss with the public why we believe this technique is essential if we are to give families affected by these diseases the chance to have healthy children, something most of us take for granted."


Prof Doug Turnbull, from Newcastle University, added: "Every year we see hundreds of patients whose lives are seriously affected by mitochondrial disease.


"We want to make a major difference to the lives of these patients."


Groups representing patients and their families also welcomed the announcement.


Alastair Kent, from Genetic Alliance UK, said that the impact of mitochondrial disease could be "devastating".


He said: "It will be quite a long time before this is available as a clinical service, and our primary concern is to make sure the technique is safe.


"But it would be sensible and reasonable to offer it to prevent these conditions."

Tax deadline day 'leniency' vow

26 January 2012 Last updated at 00:07 GMT By Simon Gompertz Personal finance correspondent, BBC News PCS union flag across HMRC office sign The PCS union is planning a walkout at HMRC on 31 January The tax office has conceded that it will have to deal leniently with taxpayers who face fines, owing to a planned strike.

Some 2.7 million people still have to file their self-assessment tax returns online by the deadline of 31 January.

But some HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) staff will strike on deadline day.

If there are insufficient staff to answer last-minute queries, people may decide they are unable to complete their forms and face a £100 fine.

Normally, this penalty would be imposed from the end of Tuesday, but could be waived.

"In all goodness and fairness, we won't be able to charge them," a spokesman for HMRC told the BBC.

Fines

The countdown to the tax return deadline has started in earnest. On Tuesday, 182,530 forms were filed online.

HMRC is introducing a much tougher system of fines this year. The £100 penalty will apply whether or not there is tax owed.

Penalties can mount up if a taxpayer neglects to send in a form, to £1,300 after six months and £1,600 after a year.

Even so, 600,000 of the nine million people who have to fill in the returns are expected to put off submitting them until 31 January.

On past form, 15% per cent of them, about 90,000, will ring for help and may find it impossible to get an answer.

The public sector union, the PCS, is planning strikes at call centres and inquiry offices to protest against the appointment of private companies to run call-handling trials in two contact centres.

Paper deadline

HMRC has provided the reassurance that no one would be disadvantaged as a result of the industrial action. However, those affected would still have to lodge an appeal.

The appeals procedure requires taxpayers with a "reasonable excuse" to write to their tax office quoting their unique taxpayer reference. They should not wait for the penalty notice.

Examples given of valid excuses which would normally be accepted include the loss of documents through theft, fire or flood and the onset of a life-threatening illness.

But a strike at the tax office has now been added to the list.

Those choosing to send in tax returns on paper were required to submit them by 31 October. Some 34,000 penalty notices were sent out after the deadline passed.


Israel arrests senior Palestinian

19 January 2012 Last updated at 22:09 GMT  Aziz Dweik is a member of Hamas but is based in the West Bank A senior Palestinian politician and member of the militant group Hamas has been arrested by the Israeli army in the West Bank.


Aziz Dweik, speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), was arrested at an army checkpoint, his chief of staff told AFP news agency.


The arrest happened in Jaba between Ramallah and Jerusalem as Dr Dweik was travelling by car to Hebron, Bhaa Youssef said.


Israel has confirmed the arrest.


Israeli border troops said he was detained for "involvement in terrorist activities".


Witnesses told the Palestinian Maan news agency that Israeli soldiers handcuffed and blindfolded Dr Dweik before taking him to an unknown destination.


Dr Dweik is a member of the Islamist Hamas movement, which governs the Palestinian territory of Gaza. However, he is based in the West Bank.


The Palestinian parliament has not met since Hamas seized control of Gaza in 2007 from the rival Palestinian Fatah Party.


Since then Fatah - backed by the West - governs the West Bank.


The BBC's Wyre Davies in Jerusalem says Aziz Dweik has remained an influential figure in Palestinian political circles.


Many will see his arrest as a provocative act and further proof than Israel is pursuing a policy of restricting the movements of senior Palestinian figures, he adds.


The arrest comes amid rising tensions between Israel and Gaza. On Wednesday Israeli aircraft attacked targets in Gaza and troops struck targets near the border fence between Gaza and Israel.


Last May, Dr Dweik was held at an Israeli military checkpoint in the West Bank along with three other Hamas MPs.


One of the group, Nizar Ramadan, was detained but the others were allowed to proceed.


Analysts say about 20 of Hamas's 74 MPs in the 132-member PLC are currently being held by Israel.


The majority, who include two former ministers, have been arrested in the West Bank since October 2010.


Last month Israel freed 550 Palestinian prisoners in the second and final phase of a deal that saw the release of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit in October.


Sgt Shalit, 25, was seized in 2006 by Hamas militants who tunnelled into Israel.


Hamas is listed as a terrorist organisation by Israel, the US and EU, due to its refusal to renounce violence and recognise Israel. Under the group's charter, Hamas is committed to the destruction of Israel.

Terror control system abolished

25 January 2012 Last updated at 00:37 GMT By Dominic Casciani Home affairs correspondent Armed police officer at Houses of Parliament Control orders were introduced under the former Labour government in 2005 The control order regime restricting the freedoms of terrorism suspects is being abolished from midnight.

It will be replaced by a new regime, known as T-Pims, which has fewer controls but greater surveillance.

Under the changes, suspects moved to different parts of the UK to break up alleged networks have returned to their home areas in London.

The seven-year-old control order regime monitored suspects but was criticised by civil liberties campaigners.

Judgements released by the High Court revealed some details of alleged extremist activity by suspects - but critics said the controls could not be properly challenged because the individuals did not see all of the secret material used against them.

The government pledged to replace control orders last year after a long behind-the-scenes battle in the coalition.

Under the new Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures, which are replacing control orders, suspects cannot be relocated to other cities but still face other restrictions, such as an order to stay in overnight and bans on who they can meet.

Unlike control orders, they will have greater use of phones and computers. Suspects can only be subjected to an order for two years, unless the home secretary proves to a court that there is material that would justify further controls.

A 42-day transition period between the systems was part of a plan to ensure that the police and Security Service MI5 had sufficient resources to watch the suspects now that they would have greater freedoms.

Relocation orders

As of December, there were nine men on control orders around the country. Two men have recently had their restrictions lifted.

Four men were known to be under relocation orders to other cities and towns.

At least two of them are already back in London. The men, both married with children, have not been allowed back to their family homes, but placed in nearby accommodation which was chosen by the authorities.

Speaking on Tuesday, Assistant Commissioner Cressida Dick of the Metropolitan Police told MPs that the new system could lead to more prosecutions.

"Potentially, operationally, there could be some opportunities provided by the fact that there is some sort of loosening, in some senses, of the restrictions on individuals," she said.

"That could provide us - and we don't know, it's too early to say - with some investigative opportunities. We want to bring people to justice wherever we can."

Ms Dick said the police were confident they could manage any risks posed by the new regime.


US marine 'should serve no time'

24 January 2012 Last updated at 23:49 GMT Sgt Frank Wuterich at Camp Pendleton, California Sgt Frank Wuterich pleaded guilty to dereliction of duty A US marine who admitted charges linked to the killing of 24 unarmed Iraqi civilians in 2005 should face no time in detention, a judge has recommended.

The decision by the judge at Camp Pendleton, California, must be approved by the commander of the Marine Corps Forces Central Command.

Sgt Frank Wuterich faced a maximum of three months after admitting dereliction of duty in a plea deal.

He was one of eight marines charged over the killings at Haditha.

The charges against six were dropped or dismissed, and one was acquitted.

Military judge Lt Col David Jones said his hands had been tied by the terms of the plea agreement. However, he said he would recommend that Wuterich's rank be reduced to private.

The judge said he had decided not to dock the marine's pay because Wuterich is divorced with sole custody of his three young children.

Prosecutors had asked that Wuterich receive the maximum sentence of three months confinement, reduction in rank and forfeiture of two-thirds of his pay.

'Horrific result'

Wuterich's guilty plea ended the trial at Camp Pendleton nearly seven years after the killings.

Prosecutors had argued that on the day of the killings Wuterich lost control after seeing a friend blown apart by a bomb, before leading the soldiers under his command on a rampage.

They said his decision to send his squad to attack nearby homes went against his training.

"That is a horrific result from that derelict order of shooting first, ask questions later," Lt Col Sean Sullivan told the court.

Among the dead were women, children and elderly people, including a man in a wheelchair.

File image of Maliya Abdul Hamid Hassan Ali shows wedding picture of her brother Rasheed who died in US Marines raid. Relatives of the victims have expressed outrage at the outcome of the trial

His former squad members testified during the hearings that they were not fired upon nor did they find any weapons at the scene of the killings.

Wuterich told the court that he ordered his men to "shoot first, ask questions later" so they would not hesitate in attacking the enemy, but he never intended to harm any civilians.

In his statement he addressed relatives of the Iraqi victims, saying there were no words to ease their pain.

"I wish to assure you that on that day, it was never my intention to harm you or your families. I know that you are the real victims of November 19, 2005," he said.

In Iraq, the plea deal that stopped Wuterich's trial on several charges of manslaughter sparked outrage.

Survivor Awis Fahmi Hussein, who had been shot in the back, said: "I was expecting that the American judiciary would sentence this person to life in prison and that he would appear and confess in front of the whole world that he committed this crime, so that America could show itself as democratic and fair."


Forces' London allowance is cut

25 January 2012 Last updated at 03:28 GMT By Josephine McDermott BBC News, London Guards in front of Big Ben The government admitted some readjustments would be "painful" Many members of the armed forces based in the UK capital are to lose their London allowance under cost saving plans, the Ministry of Defence said.

The London recruitment and retention allowance is designed to contribute to the "higher costs encountered during a permanent assignment" in London.

From 1 April, the allowance will stop for the rank of sergeant and above.

The MoD said it needed to make savings set out by the prime minister.

The change affects the British Army, Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force.

About 2,000 people will lose the allowance, said the MoD, while 3,000 at the rank of corporal or below will not.

This will provide a saving of about £2.9m a year.

Prime Minister David Cameron set out the need to reduce allowances as part of the wider Strategic Defence and Security Review, published in October 2010.

Continue reading the main story The Coldstream Guards Sergeants and above will stop receiving a London allowance starting 1 AprilCorporals and below are unaffectedSergeant pay starts at just over £30,000The London allowance adds about £120 a monthIt is a flat rate paid to everyoneThe cuts are being made to make the savings demanded by the government in 2010

Source: Ministry of Defence

In it, he said there would be an 8% cut in the defence budget in real terms over four years.

But one serving sergeant affected by the London allowance changes, who did not wish to be identified, said: "In the forces you don't have a choice where you are posted.

"Are the MPs losing their London weighting, or the police?"

He added he was concerned for serving staff posted to London from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland with their families.

"It is unfair that they will be expected to pay a higher cost of living in London," he said.

Like the police, members of the armed forces are legally not allowed to strike.

A MoD spokesman pointed out that those on lower pay will still be eligible for the London allowance.

He said: "The move will ensure that the allocation of allowances is fair and appropriate to meet the needs of service personnel."

In the Army, sergeant pay starts at £30,012 per year. The London allowance provides about £120 per month.

Army staff have to pay income tax and national insurance and those who are living in private accommodation must also pay council tax.

While some staff live in barracks or Army houses, others have to rent privately.

'Painful readjustment'

HQ London District, the headquarters for all Army units within the M25 corridor, is based at Horse Guards in central London.

It includes Major Regular Units including the Household Cavalry, The King's Troop RHA and the Coldstream Guards, and also territorial units.

A summary of all the changes to allowances, released by the Ministry of Defence last year, lists 19 areas where benefits will be reduced or removed, including travel and bonuses.

The ministry said the total annual bill for allowances of £880m would be cut by £250m a year, after an "extensive review".

It said its review had "expressly not targeted those on operations".

Speaking about the allowance cuts, Andrew Robathan, Minister for Defence Personnel, Welfare and Veterans, said the government knew the changes would "require some readjustment and will be painful for some personnel".

He added: "But we are all aware of the financial difficulties currently facing the country and we have had to make hard decisions."


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Zetas Mexico's 'largest cartel'

25 January 2012 Last updated at 02:45 GMT Mexican marines stand guard in streets of Veracruz State, Mexico on 24 January 2012 President Felipe Calderon has deployed the navy to fight the cartels The Zetas cartel has become the largest drug gang in Mexico, overtaking its bitter rival, the Sinaloa cartel, a new report suggests.

The report by US security firm Stratfor says the Zetas now operate in more than half of all Mexican states.

Stratfor says the Zetas' brutal violence seems to have given the gang an advantage over the Sinaloa cartel, which prefers to bribe people.

Since 2007, 47,500 people have died in drug-related violence in Mexico.

The report says that drug-related violence in Mexico has persisted, despite the government's efforts to fight the cartels.

Brutal alliances

The report's authors say the violence has shifted, abating in some cities while worsening in others.

It lists the cities of Veracruz, Monterrey, Matamoros and Durango as examples of places where violence has increased, while murders in Ciudad Juarez have dropped, although the city remains the most violent in Mexico.

According to the study, most smaller drug gangs have joined either the Zetas or the Sinaloa cartel, turning the two groups into the predominant criminal forces in Mexico.

The Zetas control much of eastern Mexico, while the Sinaloa cartel has its stronghold in the west of the country.

The authors also point out their differences in strategy.

They say that the Zetas resort to extreme violence, while the Sinaloa cartel, although also ruthless, prefers to bribe and corrupt people.

The report forecasts a continued expansion of Mexico's cartels into South America, a strategy which "eliminates middlemen and brings in more profit".

Its authors do not believe the Mexican government can eliminate the cartels "any more than it can end the drug trade".


'Fry food in olive oil' heart tip

25 January 2012 Last updated at 00:04 GMT By Michelle Roberts Health reporter, BBC News Olive oil Eating fried food may not be bad for the heart, as long as you use olive or sunflower oil to make it, experts say.

They found no heightened risk of heart disease or premature death linked to food that had been cooked in this way.

But the investigators stress that their findings, from studying the typical Spanish diet in which these "healthy" oils are found in abundance, do not apply to lard or other cooking oils.

So traditional fry ups should not be the order of the day, bmj.com reports.

Fat-laden

When food is fried it becomes more calorific because the food absorbs the fat of the oils.

And experts know that eating lots of fat-laden food can raise blood pressure and cause high cholesterol, which are risk factors for heart disease.

For the study, the researchers at the Autonomous University of Madrid surveyed 40,757 adults about their diet.

The participants were asked about what types of food they ate in a typical week and how that food was prepared and cooked.

None of the adults had any sign of heart disease at the start of the 11-year study, but by the end of it 606 heart disease events and 1,134 deaths had occurred.

When the researchers looked at these heart events in detail, they could find no link with fried food in the diet.

Continue reading the main story
Before we all reach for the frying pan, it's important to remember that this was a study of a Mediterranean diet rather than British fish and chips”

End Quote Victoria Taylor of the British Heart Foundation This, they believe, is down to the type of oil the food is cooked in.

The Med diet

In an accompanying editorial, Professor Michael Leitzmann from the University of Regensburg in Germany said: "Taken together, the myth that frying food is generally bad for the heart is not supported by available evidence.

"However, this does not mean that frequent meals of fish and chips will have no health consequences.

"The study suggests that specific aspects of frying food are relevant, such as the oil used, together with other aspects of the diet."

Mediterranean diets have long been hailed as healthy, being packed full of low-fat, high-fibre fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as fresh fish.

And numerous studies have shown a balanced diet such as this can cut the risk of illnesses like cancer and heart disease.

Victoria Taylor, a senior heart health dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, said: "Before we all reach for the frying pan, it's important to remember that this was a study of a Mediterranean diet rather than British fish and chips. Our diet in the UK will differ from Spain, so we cannot say that this result would be the same for us too.

"Participants in this study used unsaturated fats such as olive and sunflower oil to fry their food. We currently recommend swapping saturated fats like butter, lard or palm oil for unsaturated fats as a way of keeping your cholesterol down and this study gives further cause to make that switch.

"Regardless of the cooking methods used, consuming foods with high fat content means a high calorie intake. This can lead to weight gain and obesity, which is a risk factor for heart disease. A well-balanced diet, with plenty of fruit and veg and only a small amount of high fat foods, is best for a healthy heart."